Academic Publications

Non-academic publications can be found in the outreach section.

Books and Special Issues

  • 2025b. Litty, Samantha M. & Karoline Kühl (eds.). Selected Proceedings of the 14th Annual Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA 14). Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies (BeLLS). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15845/bells.v15i1
  • 2025a. Litty, Samantha M. & Nils Langer (eds.). Language Ideology, Policy, and Practice: Focus on minoritized languages past and present. Historical Sociolinguistics. Studies on Language and Society in the Past, Peter Lang. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/b21997

Articles in Refereed Journals

  • Submitted. Litty, Samantha M., Ruth Kircher, & Lena Terhart. Minderheitensprache, heritage language oder Familiensprache? Überlegungen zur Sprachbegrifflichkeit am Beispiel des Nordfriesischen. Sprachpolitik und Sprachenpolitik. [inaugural issue; Herausgeber: IDS Mannheim; expected publication end 2025/early 2026; 7500 words] DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/jtre3_v1
  • 2019. Letters home: German-American Civil War soldiers’ letters 1864–1865. In Joshua R. Brown (ed.), Heritage language ego-documents: From home, from away, and from below. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics. 5(2). Article 3, 1–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2018-0030​
  • 2017. A turn of the century courtship: Obstruent variation in personal letters in the Upper Midwest. Sociolinguistica. 31(1).91–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/soci-2017-0007
  • 2016. Litty, Samantha, David Natvig, Jessica Funtanilla, Hunter Lockwood, James Maedke, Christopher Tabisz & Joseph Salmons. Anything goes: Extreme Polysemy in Lexical-Semantic Change. American Speech. 91(2). 139–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-3633096

Refereed Book Chapters, Papers in Festschriften and Proceedings, etc.

  • Submitted. Litty, Samantha M., Ruth Kircher, & Lena Terhart. Minority and heritage language? North Frisian and Haugen’s ecology of language. In Angela Hoffman & Joshua R. Brown (eds.), Haugen Re-visited: Theoretical and Empirical Realities of Heritage Communities. University of Wisconsin Press. [expected publication: late 2026; 8500 words]
  • Submitted. Multilingualism and language policy among policy makers in the Duchy of Schleswig. In Joshua R. Brown & Mark Richard Lauersdorf (eds.), Pursuing the Context(s) of Language Variation and Change: Elaborating the past, Expanding the present, Envisioning the future. Studies in Language Companion Series with John Benjamins Press. [expected publication: 2026; 7500 words]
  • In revision. Kühl, Karoline & Samantha M. Litty. Translocated language communities. In Drinka, Bridget, Terttu Nevalainen & Gijsbert Rutten (eds.), Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics. De Gruyter Mouton. [expected publication: 2026]
  • Forthcoming. Litty, Samantha M. & Joshua Bousquette. Natürlich waren ihre Herzen in Deutschland: Recollections of language shift and the transition towards postvernacular Wisconsin Heritage German. In Anita Auer, Joshua R. Brown, & Angela Hoffman (eds.), Historical Sociolinguistic Studies of Language Islands in the Americas: Tracing the Development from Heritage Languages to Postvernacularity. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. [8000 words]
  • 2025d. The German Midwest. In Jon Lauck (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Midwestern History 283–301. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780190933012.
  • 2025c. Kühl, Karoline & Samantha M. Litty. Methods in heritage language linguistics. In Samantha M. Litty & Karoline Kühl (eds.). Selected Proceedings of the 14th Annual Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA 14), 1–6. Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies (BeLLS). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15845/bells.v15i1.4546
  • 2025b. Langer, Nils & Samantha M. Litty. Effects of ideology and policy on practices: Minoritized languages and varieties in historical sociolinguistics. In Samantha M. Litty & Nils Langer (eds.), Language Ideology, Policy, and Practice: Focus on minoritized languages past and present, 1–14. Historical Sociolinguistics. Studies on Language and Society in the Past. Berlin: Peter Lang. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/b21997
  • 2025a. Litty, Samantha M. & Jan Momme Penning. Semi-public writings in the Duchy of Schleswig in the 19th century. In Samantha M. Litty & Nils Langer (eds.), Language Ideology, Policy, and Practice: Focus on minoritized languages past and present, 89–115. Historical Sociolinguistics. Studies on Language and Society in the Past. Berlin: Peter Lang. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/b21997
  • 2024c. Hermann, Andre & Samantha M. Litty. Tønder Teaching Seminary: Biernamen as an indicator of group belonging. In Kristoffer Friis Bøegh & Mette-Marie Møller Svendsen (eds.), Ord & Sag 44. Aarhus, DK: Peter Skautrup Centret for Jysk Dialektforskning. ISSN: 2794-6754. Open Access: https://tidsskrift.dk/ordogsag/issue/view/11802DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/ordogsag.v44.152350
  • 2024b. Multilingual Memory Albums in Wisconsin and the Duchy of Schleswig. In Rachyl Hietpas, Mirva Johnson, Laura Moquin, Charlotte Vanhecke & Joe Salmons (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA 13), 28–36. Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 14(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15845/bells.v14i1.4337
  • 2024a. Language dominance in Wisconsin German and English Varieties: Voice Onset Time and Final Obstruent Neutralization, 1863–2013. In Israel Sanz-Sanchez (ed.), Language acquisition across the lifespan and language change: Applications in historical sociolinguistics, 234–263. Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ahs.14
  • 2023b. Litty, Samantha M. & Joseph Salmons. Segmental Phenomena in Germanic: Consonants. In Sebastian Kürschner & Antje Dammel (eds.), Oxford Encyclopedia of Germanic Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.964
  • 2023a. The German-language Press in South Dakota. In Jon K. Lauck (ed.), South Dakota History: Old Trails and New Roads, 202-229. Sioux Falls, South Dakota: Center for Western Studies Press. ISBN: 978-0-931170-94-2. 
  • 2022b. Newspaper advertisements as an indicator of verticalization: A case study of the Eureka Post. In Elizabeth Peterson & Eeva Sippola (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 12th Annual Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA 12), 118–129. Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 12(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15845/bells.v12i2.3833
  • 2022a. Historical Sociolinguistic Contexts: Networks and feature availability in 19th century German letter collections. In Kelly Biers & Joshua R. Brown (eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 11th Annual Workshop on Immigrant Languages in the Americas (WILA 11), 40–47. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project. www.lingref.com, document #3605. http://www.lingref.com/cpp/wila/11/paper3605.pdf
  • 2019c. Bagwell, Angela, Samantha Litty & Mike Olson. Wisconsin immigrant letters: German influence and imposition on Wisconsin English. In Raymond Hickey (ed.), Keeping in Touch. Emigrant Letters across the English-speaking World, 27–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ahs.10
  • 2019b. Litty, Samantha, Jennifer Mercer & Joseph Salmons. Early Immigrant English: Midwestern English before the dust settled. In Sandra Jansen, Markus Huber & Lucia Siebers (eds.), Processes of Change: Studies in Late Modern and Present-Day English, 115–138. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/silv.21.07lit
  • 2019a. Litty, Samantha & Joseph Salmons. Trajectories and Heritage. In Kristine Horner and Jennifer Dailey-O’Cain (eds.), Multilingualism and (Im)mobilities: Language, Power, Agency, 165–174. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788925051​
  • 2016. Litty, Samantha, Christine Evans & Joseph Salmons. Gray Zones: The fluidity of Wisconsin German language and identification. In Peter Rosenberg (ed.), Linguistic construction of ethnic borders, 183–205. Frankfurt: Peter Lang. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-04595-6

​Book Reviews

  • 2025. Discovering the many Englishes of North America. Review of Earlier North American Englishes by Merja Kytö and Lucia Siebers. American Speech 100(1). 133–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-11777430
  • 2024. Review of The Verticalization Model of Language Shift: The Great Change in American Communities by Joshua R. Brown. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/jhsl-2023-0030​​
  • 2018. Review of Handbuch der deutschen Sprachminderheiten in Übersee ed. by Albrecht Plewnia and Claudia Maria Riehl. Yearbook of German-American Studies 53. 252–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17161/ygas.v53i